Second Citizenship for Portugal: Top Passport Options

Written by Adam Fayed | May 25, 2026 2:57:05 PM

A second passport for Portugal is most commonly obtained through countries such as Brazil, France, Switzerland, Luxembourg, the United Kingdom, and the United States, where strong migration links, ancestry eligibility, or long-term residency pathways make additional citizenship more accessible.

Portugal allows dual citizenship, meaning Portuguese citizens can hold another nationality alongside their Portuguese passport, although the other country’s laws may still restrict dual nationality.

This article covers:

  • How does dual citizenship work in Portugal?
  • What is the best second passport to have for Portuguese citizens?
  • Where do most Portuguese emigrate to?
  • Why did Portuguese people leave Portugal?
  • How powerful is a Portuguese passport?
  • What are the advantages and disadvantages of dual citizenship?

Key Takeaways:

  • Portugal generally allows dual citizenship without requiring renunciation.
  • The most common routes for Portuguese citizens are descent, long-term residency, and marriage.
  • A Portuguese passport provides EU freedom of movement and strong global access.
  • The main trade-offs involve tax, compliance, and administrative complexity.

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Does Portugal allow multiple passports?

Yes. Portugal allows dual and multiple citizenships in most cases under the Portuguese Nationality Act (Law No. 37/81, as amended), which does not require applicants to renounce their existing nationality when acquiring Portuguese citizenship.

Portugal’s flexible stance on dual nationality is one reason it remains popular among expatriates, investors, retirees, and descendants of Portuguese families abroad.

However, applicants should still verify whether their original country permits dual citizenship, since some jurisdictions impose restrictions or automatic loss provisions.

Which country is best for a second passport for Portuguese citizens?

The most practical and commonly pursued countries for a Portuguese second citizenship are France, Switzerland, Luxembourg, the United Kingdom, Brazil, and the United States, where Portuguese citizens actually build long-term residence or qualify through ancestry or naturalization.

France

  • Route: Long-term residency → naturalization
  • Key requirement: Stable legal residence, plus language and civic integration
  • Cost / investment: Low–moderate; ~€2,000–€8,000+ (no investment route; mainly living costs)
  • Timeline: Around 5 years (shorter in some cases)
  • Why relevant for Portuguese citizens: One of the largest long-established Portuguese communities in Europe, with strong historical labor migration and easier integration through language proximity and existing diaspora networks

Switzerland

  • Route: Long-term residency → naturalization (federal + cantonal approval)
  • Key requirement: Long-term residence, language proficiency, and local integration
  • Cost / investment: High; ~€5,000–€15,000+ (admin requirements and high living costs); no citizenship-by-investment option
  • Timeline: Around 10 years
  • Why relevant for Portuguese citizens: Major destination for Portuguese workers, especially in construction, healthcare, and services, driven more by economic opportunity than cultural integration

Luxembourg

  • Route: Residency → naturalization (limited ancestry routes)
  • Key requirement: Legal residence, Luxembourgish language requirement, civic integration
  • Cost / investment: Moderate–high; ~€4,000–€12,000+ (primarily high living costs, residency maintenance, and administrative/language requirements); no investment route
  • Timeline: Around 5 years
  • Why relevant for Portuguese citizens: One of the largest foreign workforces is Portuguese, creating strong labor presence and stable long-term residency pathways

United Kingdom

  • Route: Residency → ILR → naturalization
  • Key requirement: Eligible visa route, Indefinite Leave to Remain, language and Life in the UK test
  • Cost / investment: Moderate–high; ~€3,000–€10,000+ (visa fees, NHS surcharge, living costs)
  • Timeline: Around 6 years total
  • Why relevant for Portuguese citizens: Long-established Portuguese community with strong professional migration pathways

Brazil

  • Route: Residency or ancestry-based naturalization
  • Key requirement: Legal residence or eligibility through Portuguese language and historical ties
  • Cost / investment: Low; ~€1,000–€3,000 (typical administrative pathway, no investment citizenship requirement)
  • Timeline: Around 1–4 years depending on route
  • Why relevant for Portuguese citizens: Shared language and cultural ties simplify integration and citizenship acquisition

United States

  • Route: Permanent residency → naturalization
  • Key requirement: Employment sponsorship, family sponsorship, or other Green Card pathway
  • Cost / investment: High (visa, legal, and relocation costs)
  • Timeline: Around 5 years after obtaining permanent residency
  • Why relevant for Portuguese citizens: High-income migration destination with major family-based and skilled visa pathways

Citizenship-by-investment options are generally not the preferred route for Portuguese citizens because Portugal already provides a strong EU passport with broad international mobility.

The high cost of CBI programs becomes less impactful in terms of additional benefit.

What is the cheapest country to get a second passport?

The cheapest second passport options for Portuguese citizens are usually Paraguay, Argentina, and ancestry-based European citizenship routes, with total costs often ranging from €500 to €5,000 based on the pathway.

Caribbean citizenship programs can also become relatively affordable during limited promotions, though they generally cost more than residency or ancestry routes.

Some of the lower-cost routes globally include:

  • Paraguay residency pathways (€1,000–€3,000 total administrative and residency costs over time)
  • Argentina naturalization routes (€500–€2,500 total administrative and residency costs)
  • Certain ancestry-based European citizenship claims (€1,000–€5,000 depending on documentation and processing)
  • Caribbean citizenship-by-investment programs (e.g., St Kitts and Nevis, Dominica, Antigua and Barbuda, Grenada, Saint Lucia) (around €100,000+; fastest route but not the cheapest in long-term value)

Where do most Portuguese immigrate to?

Most Portuguese emigrants move to France, Switzerland, Luxembourg, the United Kingdom, Brazil, Canada, and the United States, which host some of the world’s largest and longest-established Portuguese communities.

France and Switzerland remain among the top destinations for Portuguese workers and families in recent migration trends.

Many Portuguese communities abroad were established through earlier migration waves connected to labor opportunities and economic mobility.

Today, Portuguese citizens benefit from EU freedom of movement, making relocation within Europe comparatively straightforward.

Why do people move away from Portugal?

People move away from Portugal mainly for higher wages, stronger career progression abroad, and affordability pressures, especially rising housing costs in Lisbon, Porto, and other urban areas in recent years.

Although Portugal is highly regarded internationally, some Portuguese citizens choose to relocate abroad for economic or professional reasons.

Common factors include:

  • Higher salaries in other European countries
  • Broader career opportunities
  • Rising housing costs in major Portuguese cities
  • Cost-of-living pressures
  • International education or business opportunities

At the same time, Portugal continues to attract immigrants, retirees, entrepreneurs, and remote workers from around the world.

Is Portugal a strong passport?

Yes. The Portuguese passport is considered a strong global passport, offering visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to around 170-180+ countries, consistently placing it among the top-ranked passports worldwide.

Portuguese passport holders generally enjoy extensive visa-free or visa-on-arrival access across Europe, the Americas, Asia, and many other regions.

IndexPortugal’s RankingKey insight based on methodology
Henley Passport Index5thFocuses on visa-free travel access; Portugal ranks highly due to strong Schengen + global travel agreements
Arton Capital Passport Index3rdWeighs mobility, visa-free access, and global perception; Portugal benefits from EU + OECD positioning
Nomad Capitalist Passport Index24thIncludes tax policy, dual citizenship friendliness, and international perception, not just travel access

What are the benefits of dual citizenship in Portugal?

For Portuguese citizens, the main advantage of dual citizenship is gaining legal and financial flexibility outside the EU while still keeping full Portuguese and EU rights.

Since the Portuguese passport already provides excellent visa-free travel, most Portuguese nationals pursue a second citizenship for residency, taxation, business, or family-planning reasons rather than for basic mobility.

Other advantages include:

Easier long-term settlement outside the EU

Portuguese citizens can already live freely across the EU, so a second citizenship is mainly useful for establishing permanent rights in non-EU countries without relying on visas or residency renewals.

Broader tax residency and financial structuring options

Some Portuguese citizens use second citizenships to support international tax residency planning, foreign banking access, or cross-border investment structures outside the European system.

Stronger links to non-EU family jurisdictions

A second nationality can simplify inheritance, property ownership, or citizenship transmission in countries where Portuguese or EU citizenship alone provides fewer automatic rights.

More flexibility for retirement or business relocation abroad

Dual citizenship can make it easier for Portuguese nationals to retire, operate businesses, or spend extended periods in countries that impose stricter rules on EU citizens.

Are there any negatives to being a dual citizen?

For Portuguese citizens, the main downside of dual citizenship is added administrative and legal complexity within EU systems and Portuguese tax residency obligations, especially when the second nationality is outside the EU.

Possible considerations include:

Loss of EU-only administrative simplicity

While Portuguese citizenship offers seamless EU rights, adding a non-EU nationality can create extra steps when dealing with documentation, residency updates, and identity verification across EU institutions.

Portuguese tax residency remains unchanged

Holding a second passport does not override Portuguese tax residency rules, which can lead to mismatches between expectations under the second country’s system and obligations in Portugal.

Potential friction between EU rights and non-EU nationality systems

A second citizenship outside the EU does not extend EU mobility or residency rights, which can create practical friction when moving between EU-based freedoms and non-EU legal frameworks.

Parallel compliance requirements in Portugal

Even with another citizenship, Portuguese citizens must continue fulfilling Portuguese civil and tax-related obligations if resident or tax-liable, resulting in overlapping administrative systems to manage.

Things to consider before getting a second passport as a Portuguese citizen

Before pursuing a second passport, Portuguese citizens should evaluate whether the additional nationality offers practical advantages that align with their long-term goals, especially since Portugal already provides strong EU mobility and travel access.

For complex tax or cross-border planning considerations, it is often useful to consult a qualified financial advisor in Portugal.

Key considerations include:

  • Whether the second country offers better long-term residency or career opportunities
  • Potential tax, reporting, or legal obligations tied to dual nationality
  • Eligibility through ancestry, family ties, or residency pathways
  • Processing timelines, costs, and citizenship requirements
  • How the Portugal second passport complements Portugal’s existing EU rights and mobility benefits

Conclusion

Second passport decisions for Portuguese citizens are typically shaped by real-world access needs such as residency eligibility, work opportunities, or long-term settlement options.

In many cases, the focus is on specific eligibility routes like ancestry, long-term residence, or economic ties that can actually be completed over time.

As a result, the value of a second citizenship is mainly defined by how well it fits a person’s concrete relocation or lifestyle plan rather than its global prestige.

FAQs

What is the fastest way to get Portuguese citizenship?

Citizenship by descent is generally the fastest way to obtain Portuguese citizenship, especially for those with Portuguese parents or grandparents.

Without ancestry, the fastest alternative is typically marriage or standard residency-based naturalization, which usually takes around three years.

What are the top 3 strongest passports?

Singapore, the UAE, and Germany are frequently ranked among the strongest passports globally.

Other consistently high-ranking passports include Italy, France, Spain, and Portugal.

Which is safer, Spain or Portugal?

Portugal is generally ranked higher than Spain in global safety and peace indexes, though both countries are considered very safe with low violent crime rates.

Is Portugal a rich or a poor country?

Portugal is a developed high-income country (i.e., a rich country by global standards), but it ranks toward the lower end of income levels in Western Europe.

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