Setting up an SPV in Singapore involves choosing the right legal structure—typically a private limited company, limited partnership, or variable capital company—based on the investment purpose.
Singapore offers a reliable platform for asset segregation, risk isolation, and cross-border deal structuring, backed by strong legal protections and tax efficiency.
Whether you’re launching a fund, holding real estate, or managing private investments, aligning the SPV’s form with your goals is key to successful setup.
This guide breaks down:
- What is an SPV in Singapore?
- Setting up SPV in Singapore
- What are the differences between SPV and investment companies?
- How do you set up a holding company in Singapore?
- What is the cost of setting up SPV in Singapore?
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La información contenida en este artículo es meramente orientativa. No constituye asesoramiento financiero, jurídico o fiscal, ni una recomendación o solicitud de inversión. Algunos hechos pueden haber cambiado desde el momento de su redacción.
What is Singapore SPV?
A Singapore SPV is a legal entity created to serve a specific, narrowly defined objective typically to hold assets, manage investments, or isolate financial risk from its parent entity or shareholders.
It is legally separate and distinct, offering operational flexibility and liability protection.
Common Uses of a Singapore SPV
SPVs in Singapore are widely used by private investors, corporations, and fund managers for purposes such as:
- Asset protection – separating high-risk or high-value assets from operating entities
- Investment structuring – managing joint ventures, co-investments, or syndications
- Fund vehicles – pooling capital for private equity, venture capital, or real estate deals
- Property holding – acquiring and managing local or overseas real estate assets
How Do You Set Up an SPV in Singapore?
To set up an SPV in Singapore, follow these key steps:
Step 1: Choose the Right Entity Structure
The structure you choose will define the SPV’s flexibility, regulatory obligations, and tax exposure.
Common options include:
- Private Limited Company (Pte Ltd) – The most widely used structure, offering limited liability, separate legal personality, and straightforward compliance
- Variable Capital Company (VCC) – Preferred for investment fund structures requiring flexible capital and share redemptions
- Trust – Occasionally used for asset protection or estate planning but less common in commercial settings
Your choice will depend on factors such as:
- Purpose of the SPV (e.g., holding assets, pooling investor capital, isolating risk)
- Tax treatment and exemptions under Singapore law
- Investor profile, especially if involving foreign or institutional investors
- Regulatory obligations based on activity (e.g., MAS licensing for fund management)
Step 2: Register with ACRA
Once the structure is chosen, the SPV must be registered with the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (ACRA).
Key requirements include:
- Company name reservation
- Appointment of at least one resident director and a company secretary
- Determination of shareholder composition and paid-up capital
- Issuance of a Unique Entity Number (UEN) for legal identification
Singapore allows full foreign ownership, but compliance with local resident director requirements is mandatory.
Step 3: Fulfill Legal and Tax Requirements
After incorporation, the SPV must satisfy initial setup and tax-related requirements:
- Open a corporate bank account in Singapore
- Register for Goods and Services Tax (GST) if annual turnover exceeds the mandatory threshold or if voluntary registration is beneficial
- Understand corporate tax obligations, including potential exemptions under Singapore’s tax incentive schemes
Step 4: Comply with Ongoing Filing and Reporting
Maintaining an SPV in Singapore involves regular statutory compliance:
- File annual returns with ACRA
- Prepare and submit financial statements, with audits required if revenue or asset thresholds are exceeded
- Maintain beneficial ownership registers and update the UEN records as needed
Are SPVs Considered Investment Companies?
No, an SPV in Singapore is not automatically considered an investment company.
The distinction lies in the entity’s purpose, structure, and how it’s treated under regulatory frameworks particularly by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS).
SPVs vs. Regulated Investment Entities
While both may hold or manage assets, a typical SPV is set up for a single transaction or narrow-purpose investment, such as acquiring real estate or structuring a joint venture.
In contrast, regulated investment companies like fund managers or collective investment schemes, pool capital from multiple investors and operate under specific licensing and compliance obligations.
When an SPV May Be Treated as an Investment Vehicle
MAS may view an SPV as an investment vehicle if it:
- Pools capital from multiple investors with the intent of generating returns
- Engages in fund management or collective investment activities
- Has structures resembling a fund (e.g., capital contributions, profit-sharing, redemption rights)
In such cases, the SPV may fall under the scope of the Securities and Futures Act (SFA) and require licensing or regulatory approval.
Compliance Differences
- A standard SPV typically has limited reporting obligations and is governed by corporate laws under ACRA.
- A regulated investment company must comply with MAS licensing, investor protection rules, and enhanced financial disclosures.
For investors and sponsors, it’s critical to structure the SPV to reflect its intended use clearly whether it’s a simple holding vehicle or one that operates more like a fund.
Misclassification can lead to unexpected compliance burdens.
How to Set Up an Investment Holding Company in Singapore
Setting up an investment holding company in Singapore follows a process similar to that of an SPV, but the purpose and long-term use cases differ.
Holding companies are generally used to passively own assets or equity in other businesses without engaging in day-to-day operations or transactional structuring.
SPV vs Investment Holding Company
Like an SPV, an investment holding company is usually incorporated as a private limited company under the Companies Act, 1967.
The registration process involves:
- Company name reservation
- Appointing at least one local director and a company secretary
- Defining shareholders and initial paid-up capital
- Obtaining a Unique Entity Number (UEN) from ACRA
Documentation and Shareholder Structure
Standard documentation includes the company constitution, shareholder agreements (if multiple stakeholders are involved), and board resolutions.
The shareholder structure is typically straightforward—often a single individual, family, or corporate group—but can be customized for larger ownership arrangements or family trusts.
Typical Use Cases in Singapore
Investment holding companies are commonly used for:
- Family offices – to consolidate wealth and manage investments across asset classes
- Real estate – for long-term property ownership and rental income
- Cross-border subsidiaries – to hold foreign or regional operating companies under a Singapore-based parent
How Much Does It Cost to Set Up a Private Limited Company in Singapore?
The total cost of setting up a private limited company in Singapore typically costs between SGD 1,500 and SGD 5,000, depending on the complexity of the structure, professional fees, and compliance requirements.
ACRA Incorporation Fees
- Company name application: SGD 15
- Company registration fee: SGD 300
These are standard charges payable to the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (ACRA).
Professional Service Fees
Most investors, especially foreign individuals or firms, engage service providers to assist with setup and statutory requirements.
Typical services include:
- Corporate secretary (mandatory by law): SGD 300–800/year
- Registered office address: SGD 120–300/year
- Nominee director (if no local director is available): SGD 1,500–3,000/year
- Incorporation service packages: SGD 600–2,000 one-time (may include documentation, ACRA filing, and basic compliance setup)
Annual Maintenance and Compliance Costs
Ongoing costs include:
- Annual return filing with ACRA
- Preparation of financial statements and tax filing
- Audit fees, if applicable (companies with annual revenue over SGD 10 million are typically required to appoint auditors)
- XBRL conversion and submission (for financial statements)
Estimated annual maintenance costs range from SGD 1,000 to 3,000, depending on the company’s activity, size, and whether external services are used.
Conclusión
With Singapore’s transparent regulatory environment and investor-friendly framework, a well-structured SPV can offer strong legal separation, operational efficiency, and international credibility.
The key is building it with a clear objective, proper governance, and full awareness of its compliance obligations.
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Adam es un autor reconocido internacionalmente en temas financieros, con más de 830 millones de respuestas en Quora, un libro muy vendido en Amazon y colaborador de Forbes.
