(This article was last updated on October 30, 2023.)
Read this article to know about how to retire in Japan. However, before you pack your belongings, consider working with a financial advisor if you have a plan to live in Japan.
Se avete domande o volete investire come espatriati o persone con un elevato patrimonio netto, potete scrivermi un'e-mail (advice@adamfayed.com) o utilizzare il seguente link queste opzioni di contatto.
The Land of the Rising Sun
Japan is an archipelago nation consisting of four main islands, Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Shikoku, that span from north to south in the Pacific Ocean. Its culture has been influenced by a blend of indigenous traditions and foreign influences, particularly from China and Korea.
Japan’s popolazione as of the time of update stands at 125.4 million. It is among the most populous nations globally.
The country is famed for its technological advancements in robotics, electronics, and automotive manufacturing. The country has also preserved traditional art forms, such as calligraphy, pottery, and woodblock prints.
Japanese cuisine is well-regarded internationally, featuring food like sushi, ramen, and tempura. On top of the incredible food, it’s well-known for its bullet trains and some of the world’s cleanest, litter-free neighborhoods.
Brief History of Japan
Japan’s rich history spans millennia and includes various events and periods of isolation and international interaction.
The nation’s earliest recorded history dates back to the 5th century, when it was divided into many small states. The first dynasty to unify the country was the Yamato dynasty in the 3rd century, which began a period of imperial rule that lasted for more than a millennium.
During the 12th century, the Kamakura shogunate was established, and samurai warriors became the dominant political and military force. The samurai played a significant role in forming the country’s past.
However, by the mid-19th century, the country faced increasing pressure from foreign powers to open its borders and engage in international trade. This swiftly led to a period of modernization, as Japan sought to pull alongside the rest of the world in terms of technology and military might.
In 1868, the Meiji Restoration marked a turning point in the country’s history. The new leaders aimed to create a modern, industrialized nation, and they pursued a range of policies to achieve this goal. The samurai class was abolished, and a new government was established that aimed to create a more equitable and democratic society.
Japan became a major industrial power, and by the early 20th century had built one of the most powerful navies in the world. The country’s newfound power and prestige would eventually lead to its involvement in World War II, but it also helped to establish Japan as a major economic and cultural force in the world.
Why should you retire in Japan?
The country is a lovely location to visit and live. Aside from its stunning surroundings, there are several reasons why individuals prefer to retire in Japan. If you’ve always wanted to retire to a beautiful country with an abundance of things to offer, Japan could be the ideal luogo di pensionamento for you.
Japan is one of the world’s most popular vacation spots. Every year, millions of people come to enjoy the exquisite cuisine, unique customs, and modern culture. Having said that, to retire in Japan is not the same as to visit as a tourist. So, what is life in the country truly like?
The country has traditionally been at the forefront of technological development, resulting in a workforce that is both contemporary and well-educated. When you finally have a job, you’ll realize how efficient everything is. Outside of work, you’ll notice a thriving cultural environment, ranging from Osaka’s pulsing nightlife to Shibuya’s cutting-edge fashion. Japan is a diverse country to live in.
That isn’t to suggest it doesn’t have its drawbacks. Work-life balance isn’t even a concept in Japan, with many people actually pushing themselves to death. It is also home to some of the world’s most densely inhabited cities. Living in Japan takes a great deal of emotional fortitude.
Getting a Japanese Visa
Japan is a well-known tourism hotspot. Tourists from the United States can easily enter Japan. Americans can travel to Japan without a visa and remain for up to 90 days visa-free, with the status of Temporary Visitor. Although this is a single-entry visa, travelers may apply for two journeys within six months if they like.
If you want to stay for more than 90 days, you must get a spouse visa or a working visa. This requires you to either marry a Japanese citizen or work in Japan.
The ultimate route to obtaining a residenza permanente visa takes years. To begin, you must enter the country on one-year visas for three years. You will then be eligible to apply for a long-term visa. This visa necessitates a Ministry of Justice Certificate of Eligibility. You must fulfill certain Immigration Control Act standards in order to obtain this certificate.
The long-term visa will be valid for another three years. You can be eligible to apply for Japanese permanent residency after six years. To demonstrate that you are proficient in Japanese and have a deep grasp of Japanese culture, you must go through a testing process.
Does Japan have a retirement visa?
Unfortunately, Japan does not offer a visa specific for retiring in the country. However, expats who are citizens of countries who are exempt from securing a visa to enter Japan (e.g., the US, Canada, etc.) can apply for a Specified Visa for designated activities.
Such visa will allow you to stay in the county longer, that is, for up to a period of one year. This is subject to certain requirements like having savings equivalent to at least 30 million yen or 225,675 USD.
Japanese Economy and Financial System
Another thing that makes Japan an attractive retirement location is its economy, which ranks as the third-largest globally.
Aside from Japan’s tech, it is also a key exporter of goods and services, with exports accounting for a significant portion of the country’s GDP.
In addition to its manufacturing sector, Japan also has a strong service sector that includes industries such as finance, healthcare, and tourism. The country is home to many world-renowned companies, such as Toyota, Sony, and Mitsubishi, which contribute significantly to the Japanese economy.
However, Japan has also been plagued by a number of economic woes in recent years. One major challenge is an aging population, which has led to a dwindling workforce and a plunge in consumer spending. Another challenge is deflation, which has been a persistent problem in Japan for many years due to weak demand and small wages.
Meanwhile, the Japanese financial system is one of the largest and most sophisticated in the world. The country has a well-established banking sector that is dominated by a few large banks, known as megabanks. These banks have extensive domestic and international operations, and are highly profitable.
In addition to the megabanks, Japan also has a large number of regional banks, credit unions, and other financial institutions that serve local communities.
Il Bank of Japan is the central bank and plays a crucial role in keeping the financial system steady.
How is the ease of banking access for expats?
When opening a conto corrente bancario in Japan, expats will need to provide identification documents, such as a passport and residence card, as well as proof of address. Some banks may require additional documents or information, depending on the individual’s circumstances.
One option for expats is to open a bank account with a foreign bank that has a presence in Japan. This can be particularly useful for individuals who need to make international transfers or who have accounts in multiple currencies.
Another option is to use a digital bank or mobile banking app, which can offer a more convenient and streamlined banking experience.
Moreover, many major banks in Japan offer services for expats, including account opening, ATM access, and online banking.
Exploring Investment Vehicles in Japan
When you decide to retire in Japan, understanding the investment landscape is crucial. Japan boasts a diverse range of investment vehicles that can help grow your savings and ensure a comfortable retirement.
Equity Investments
Engage in the Japanese stock market by investing in shares of companies. Look for corporations with strong financial health and a solid track record to make informed decisions.
Recent data reveals that Japanese households allocated 11% of their assets to equities as of March-end 2023, a modest figure compared to other developed regions like the US (39.8%) and the euro area (19.5%).
Furthermore, Japan’s equity market has been flourishing in 2023, with major equity indices hitting their highest levels since 1989 in May.
Real Estate Investments
Invest in Japanese real estate to potentially benefit from the surging property prices, especially in central Tokyo where the average price for a new condominium increased by 60% in the first half of 2023.
Moreover, the launch of new developments like the Mori JP Tower, part of a $6 billion project, showcases the active real estate market in Japan.
Mutual Funds and ETFs
Explore mutual funds and ETFs which allow diversification across different sectors and asset classes within Japan’s economy.
There are numerous funds and ETFs investing in a wide range of asset classes including equities, fixed income, commodities, and alternatives5. The Tokyo Stock Exchange, being the world’s 3rd largest by market capitalization, hosts numerous equity mutual funds and ETFs.
Fixed Income Securities
Consider fixed income securities like government or corporate bonds which provide a regular income stream. Recent surge in global interest rates is pressuring the Bank of Japan to adjust its bond yield control, which might affect the fixed income market.
Retirement Accounts
Japan offers various retirement accounts providing tax advantages. The NISA (Nippon Individual Savings Account) and iDeco (Individual-type Defined Contribution Pension Plan) are two primary individual retirement savings account options in Japan, resembling American IRAs or British ISAs, designed to offer tax benefits to investors.
Technology and Start-up Investments
Japan’s tech scene is vibrant, attracting top-tier talent to high-growth startups, and drawing significant investments.
The startup ecosystem in Japan is thriving, with the government providing subsidies to innovative ventures like the moon exploration startup ispace, which received a subsidy of up to 12 billion yen ($80 million).
The investment in deep tech sectors is also notable, extending to areas like agriculture in space and laser fusion technologies.
What is housing in Japan like?
If you’re retiring in Japan, note that housing can be quite different from what you may expect in other parts of the world. One unique aspect of Japanese housing is its emphasis on compactness and efficiency. This is due in part to the country’s limited land space and high population density, which has led to the development of small but functional living spaces.
Traditional Japanese homes often feature sliding doors and walls, known as shoji and fusuma, which allow for flexibility in the use of space. Many modern homes in Japan also incorporate features such as built-in storage and multi-functional rooms to make the most of limited space.
Another feature of Japanese housing is its focus on cleanliness and organization. Homes in Japan are typically kept very clean and tidy. Shoes are also often removed before entering the home to maintain cleanliness.
What are housing options in Japan?
In terms of housing options, there are a variety of choices available, ranging from traditional houses and apartments to modern high-rise buildings. Renting is a common option, particularly for younger people and those living in urban areas. Many rental properties come furnished too. They can include appliances like refrigerators and washing machines.
Purchasing a home in Japan can be more challenging, particularly for foreigners who may face legal and financial barriers. However, there are a number of real estate agents and legal professionals who specialize in helping foreigners navigate the process.
What about housing costs?
As of the time of update, the national average rent for a one-bedroom apartment inside Japan’s city center is 96,046 yen (720 USD) per month, according to Numbeo. A similar apartment would cost around 1,705 USD per month in the United States.
Furthermore, a one-bedroom apartment in downtown Tokyo, for example, costs around 149,875 yen (1,123 USD) per month. In contrast, a one-bedroom apartment in New York costs roughly 3,893 USD on average.
Outside of the city core, a similar flat in Tokyo would cost around 86,795 yen (650 USD), and in New York, approximately 2,382 USD. Despite the relative worth of Tokyo’s housing expenses, the city remains one of the most expensive cities in the world.
Rent is substantially lower in Japan than in the US, so you may enjoy a comparable lifestyle for less. The cost of consumer products is likewise lower in Japan than in the US, thus your lifestyle will be less costly.
The housing cost in Japan per square meter stands at 904,019 yen within the city center and 490,706 yen outside.
Setting Up a Financial Safety Net for Retirement
Securing a financial safety net is paramount as you plan to retire in Japan. A solid financial plan ensures that you live comfortably during your retirement years. Here’s how you can create a sturdy financial safety net:
Understanding Retirement Expenses
Estimating your retirement expenses is the first step towards financial safety. Consider your desired lifestyle in Japan and calculate the expenses it will incur yearly. Working with a financial adviser familiar with financial modeling can be invaluable in this step1.
Engaging in Financial Planning
Financial planning is crucial for anyone looking to retire in Japan. It involves sorting out your finances, opening retirement accounts such as iDeCo and NISA, and investing wisely. This step ensures you have a steady income stream post-retirement.
Opening Retirement Accounts
In Japan, individuals can open an iDeCo account, a type of defined contribution pension plan, and a NISA account, a tax-free investment account. These accounts are instrumental in saving and investing for retirement.
Strategie di investimento
Investing is a significant part of financial planning. Diversify your investments to include a mix of stocks, bonds, and other assets. This strategy aims to maximize returns and minimize risks.
Utilizing Japan’s Social Security and Pension Systems
Japan has a robust social security and pension system. Employees and employers contribute to nenkin, the national government pension system, to fund traditional retirement. Understanding and utilizing these systems will provide a financial cushion during your retirement years.
Safeguarding with Insurance
In 1998, Japan established a safety net for the life insurance sector, enhanced in 2000 with an additional 500 billion yen, including a 400 billion yen special government subsidy scheme.
Engaging in life insurance and understanding the available safety nets in the insurance sector is an additional step to secure your financial future.
Cross-Border Tax Planning
If you are an American planning to retire in Japan, navigating the tax systems of both countries can be complex. However, there are tools available to help protect your assets and secure financial freedom.
Ensuring that your tax planning is efficient and compliant with the regulations of both countries is crucial.
How much money do you need to retire in Japan?
Per Numbeo, the costo della vita in Japan if you’re alone could reach 121,860 yen (914.5 USD) on average per month without factoring in rental costs. However, if you’re a family with four members, living expenses could set you back 430,781 yen (3,233 USD).
Tax Obligations in Japan
In Japan, obtaining a permanent resident visa or a long-term visa is extremely tough. If you do receive one of these visas, though, you will be liable to taxes.
You will only pay taxes on income generated in Japan if you are a non-resident with a one-year visa. In contrast, if you are a non-permanent resident who has been in Japan for not more than five years, you will be taxed on all of your income excluding overseas money that is not transmitted to Japan. You must pay taxes on all income generated in Japan and overseas if you are a permanent resident.
Currently, the country levies a personal income tax rate of 5%, 10%, 20%, 23%, 33%, 40%, and 45%, depending on your income. There is also a surtax of 2.1% charged on your national income tax.
Other taxes include those for real property, inheritance, and consumption. Net wealth is not taxed in the country.
If you are a resident of the US, you will be required to file taxes in there each year. You must also declare any international bank accounts.
If you make money outside of the US, you can use different provisions to lower your taxable income. These include, among other things, the foreign tax credit, the foreign earned income exclusion, and the foreign housing exclusion.
If you want to anticipate your tax burden more precisely, you should speak with a tax specialist who is knowledgeable with both US and Japanese tax rules.
Navigating Currency Exchange and International Transfers
When planning to retire in Japan, understanding the intricacies of currency exchange and international money transfers is crucial. This section provides a comprehensive guide, ensuring a smooth financial transition for those looking to enjoy their golden years in this beautiful country.
Understanding Currency Exchange Rates
The Impact on Your Finances
Currency exchange rates play a significant role when you decide to retire in Japan. Fluctuations in these rates can affect the value of your savings and investments. It’s essential to monitor exchange rates regularly and understand how they can impact your financial stability in Japan.
Strategies for Getting the Best Rates
To maximize your funds, engage in currency exchange when rates are favorable. Utilize online tools and apps that track currency trends. Consider consulting with a financial advisor who specializes in international finance to guide you through this process.
International Money Transfers: What You Need to Know
Choosing the Right Service
When transferring money internationally, selecting a reliable and cost-effective service is vital. Research and compare different money transfer services, focusing on fees, exchange rates, and transfer times. Ensure the service you choose is regulated and has positive customer reviews.
The Role of Banks and Financial Institutions
Banks play a crucial role in international money transfers. However, their fees can be higher, and exchange rates less favorable compared to specialized transfer services. It’s worth exploring all available options to find the most economical solution.
Tips for a Seamless Financial Transition
Budgeting and Financial Planning
Create a comprehensive budget that accounts for your living expenses, healthcare, and leisure activities when you retire in Japan. Factor in potential currency fluctuations and ensure you have a financial cushion to cover unexpected costs.
Establishing a Local Bank Account
Opening a local bank account can simplify financial transactions and help you avoid hefty international withdrawal fees. Research the requirements for opening an account as a foreign resident and choose a bank that offers services tailored to your needs.
Staying Informed and Updated
Stay updated on the latest financial news and trends related to retiring in Japan. Utilize online resources, forums, and expat communities to share experiences and gain insights on managing finances effectively in Japan.
Understanding Taxation for Retirees in Japan
When planning to retire in Japan, understanding the country’s tax obligations is crucial. Japan has specific tax rules that apply to retirees, and being well-informed can ensure a smooth transition.
Types of Taxes for Retirees
Imposta sul reddito
Retirees in Japan must pay income tax on their global income, including pensions, investments, and any other sources of income. The tax rate varies depending on the total amount of income and the individual’s residency status.
Inheritance and Gift Tax
Japan imposes taxes on inheritance and gifts. If you retire in Japan and receive an inheritance or gift, you may be liable to pay taxes, depending on the value and your relationship to the giver.
Residency Status and Tax Implications
Non-Permanent Residents
Non-permanent residents in Japan, typically those who have lived in the country for less than five years, only need to pay tax on their Japanese-sourced income and any foreign income brought into Japan.
Residenti permanenti
Permanent residents, or those who have lived in Japan for more than five years, are subject to tax on their worldwide income. This includes all pensions, investments, and other forms of income, regardless of where they are generated.
Tax Deductions and Credits
Available Deductions
Japan offers various tax deductions that can reduce your taxable income. These include deductions for social insurance premiums, medical expenses, and small business income, among others.
Tax Credits
Retirees may also be eligible for tax credits, such as the foreign tax credit, which prevents double taxation on income taxed in both Japan and another country.
Filing Tax Returns
Retirees in Japan must file a tax return every year. The process involves reporting all sources of income, claiming any applicable deductions and credits, and calculating the total tax owed. It is essential to file the tax return accurately and on time to avoid penalties.
Consulenza professionale
Seeking professional advice is highly recommended for anyone planning to retire in Japan. Tax professionals can provide tailored advice based on your specific situation, ensuring you comply with all tax obligations and take advantage of available deductions and credits.
Understanding Japan’s Healthcare System and Insurance Costs
Japan boasts a robust healthcare system, renowned for its high standards of medical care and accessibility.
For those looking to retire in Japan, it’s crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of the healthcare system and the associated insurance costs. This section provides an in-depth analysis, ensuring you are well-informed and prepared.
Overview of Japan’s Healthcare System
Japan operates under a universal healthcare system, ensuring that all residents have access to quality medical services.
The system combines employer-based health insurance with a community-based insurance scheme, catering to the self-employed, unemployed, and retired individuals. When you decide to retire in Japan, enrolling in one of these insurance schemes becomes a mandatory requirement.
Employer-Based Health Insurance
For those who have worked in Japan, the employer-based health insurance is a common option. This insurance covers a portion of medical expenses, with the employee also contributing. It’s important to note that this option is typically more comprehensive than the national health insurance scheme.
National Health Insurance (NHI)
Upon retirement, if you choose to stay in Japan, transitioning to the National Health Insurance (NHI) is a viable option. The NHI is a community-based scheme, covering medical expenses for the self-employed, unemployed, and retirees. Premiums are calculated based on income, ensuring affordability.
Insurance Costs and Coverage
Understanding the costs and coverage of your chosen insurance scheme is vital when planning to retire in Japan. Both employer-based and NHI schemes typically cover 70% of medical expenses, with the insured responsible for the remaining 30%.
Employer-Based Health Insurance Costs
If you are under employer-based health insurance, your premiums will depend on your salary and the specific insurance plan. It’s crucial to consult with your employer to understand the exact costs and coverage.
National Health Insurance Costs
For retirees under the NHI scheme, premiums are calculated based on the previous year’s income, assets, and the number of dependents. It’s essential to budget accordingly, as these premiums can vary significantly.
Additional Healthcare Considerations for Retirees
Accessibility and Quality of Care
Japan’s healthcare system is known for its accessibility and high quality of care. Hospitals are well-equipped, and doctors are highly trained.
However, it’s important to note that not all medical professionals may be fluent in English, so seeking out English-speaking doctors or translators is advisable.
Prescription Medication
Japan has a comprehensive list of approved prescription medications. If you rely on specific medications, verify their availability in Japan and understand the prescription process.
Long-Term Care Insurance
For those considering retiring in Japan, exploring long-term care insurance is a prudent step. This insurance covers the costs of services like home help and nursing care, providing additional support as needed.
How is Japanese healthcare?
The World Health Organization routinely ranks Japan’s public healthcare system among the top 10 in the world. This rating is based on financial efficiency, responsiveness, quality, and fairness.
The government covers over 70% of citizens’ healthcare bills, with the government paying much more for low-income inhabitants. People contribute to this system through their taxes.
Anyone who has been lawfully residing in Japan for more than a year may enroll in the National Health Insurance or Employees’ Health Insurance programs. When you have insurance, you just have to pay 30% of your hospital bills. Appointments, hospital visits, and medicines are covered as medical costs.
Do you need insurance for living in Japan?
Japan, despite its massive population, is a relatively secure country. Because the majority of residents have a good standard of living, crime is quite low. Having said that, it does happen from time to time.
You’re undoubtedly also aware of Japan’s track record when it comes to natural catastrophes. Earthquakes and typhoons create headlines all across the world on a regular basis. You must have a solid insurance plan for such things.
Is Japan a safe country to retire?
Crime in Japan is quite low. Pick-pocketing and other forms of small crime do occur in busy areas, as they do anyplace. Overall, food quality in Japan is quite excellent, and the danger of foodborne disease is very low.
Japan is vulnerable to natural calamities such as earthquakes. While these are not regular occurrences, it is vital to understand that they do occur. In Japan, fire is the second most hazardous natural catastrophe, particularly during an earthquake.
If you feel unsafe, there are “kobans” located around cities in Japan. A koban is a tiny police box that is free to use and gives a direct line to the police department. These are free to use if you have been robbed or if you have other emergencies to report to the police.
Can you get a driver’s license in Japan?
It is possible for foreign nationals to obtain a driver’s license in Japan. Nevertheless, the process can be complicated to some extent and may require a significant amount of preparation and effort.
To obtain a driver’s license in Japan as an expat, you must first obtain a Japanese residence card and be registered as a resident. You must also pass a written and practical driving test, which may be administered in Japanese. Depending on your country of origin, you may also need to obtain an official translation of your current driver’s license.
One option for expats is to obtain an International Driving Permit (IDP) before arriving in Japan. This permit is recognized in many countries around the world and can be used in Japan for up to one year. However, after this period, you will need to secure a Japanese driver’s license.
Another option is to take driving lessons and hire a driving instructor to help with the testing process. In some cases, driving schools may offer lessons in English or other languages to help foreigners navigate the process.
What are the pros and cons of retiring in Japan?
Japan is a wonderful location that offers a lifetime of adventures and chances – but it is not without its drawbacks.
What one individual considers to be a dream location may be an awful nightmare for another. Before you make the move, you’ll need to weigh the benefits and drawbacks of living in the country.
Here are some important items to remember:
Pro
Unique Culture
If you’ve ever watched the film Lost in Translation, you’ll understand how disorienting Japanese culture can be – but for most tourists, this is part of the fun!
There are so many unique activities and attractions that you won’t be able to discover anyplace else in the globe. If you’re a novelty junkie, you’ll never be short of options in Japan.
Delightful Cuisine
Food is a key component of the intriguing culture. You’re certainly familiar with the classics, but Japan, like the rest of the globe, has a rich and diversified culinary scene.
Each city, village, and fishing port have its unique spin on locally sourced ingredients, with some genuinely inventive solutions to the country’s limited farmland.
World-class Shopping
From Harajuku’s high-fashion to Yokohama’s technology markets, you’ll have everything that you can possibly desire right on your doorstep.
Huge shopping malls, lively marketplaces, and unique boutiques combine to create a varied retail environment. Before you’ve even had a chance to settle, you’ll be getting instructions from your buddies back home.
Advanced Technology
The rest of the world may be catching up now, but Japan was the epicenter of innovative technology for decades. It’s still on the leading edge of urban life, resulting in cities that are well-planned and efficient.
The bullet train is a necessity, but even inside city areas, everything is in working order. Many North American and European expats have never seen anything like this before.
Contro
Extremely Costly
As you may have observed, Japan is one of the world’s most expensive countries. All of that quick transportation and lively culture comes at a price. For many visitors, that price is simply too much. Before you decide to retire in Japan, you’ll need to be honest with yourself about your financial situation.
Work is Difficult to Come By
This ties along with the previous issue – most businesses prefer Japanese nationals and permanent residents. This is true all across the world, but in Japan, the procedure is more arduous. Even if you arrive on a working vacation visa, finding a job that fits the part-time criteria and is willing to let you go after a few months may be difficult.
Difficult Visa Procedure
Immigration is a nightmare! The visto policy is extremely inconvenient, putting you in the Catch-22 predicament of attempting to find work in order to obtain a visa while simultaneously realizing that most jobs favor those who have previously established residence. Your chances are slim if you don’t know Japanese and have no experience working in a shortage region.
Cities Are Densely Packed
For some, this is a benefit, while for others, crowded cities are a big disadvantage. At noon, apartments are cramped, trains are overcrowded, and restaurants are uncomfortable. You’ll have a difficult time in Japan if you’re not a city slicker. There are rural places, but you must be certain you’re prepared to trade off certain comforts only cities can offer.
How to Retire in Japan: Final Thoughts
Japan is a lovely place that is in great demand among Americans looking to retire overseas. It is quite difficult to obtain residence in Japan, but if you can, it might be an excellent place to retire. The healthcare system in the country is among the best in the world.
Siete afflitti dall'indecisione finanziaria?
Adam è un autore riconosciuto a livello internazionale in materia finanziaria con oltre 830 milioni di visualizzazioni di risposte su Quora, un libro molto venduto su Amazon e un contributo su Forbes.
