Panama is widely recognized as one of the most accessible destinations for investors seeking residency, but many other countries also provide attractive pathways.
This article explores residency by investment countries beyond the well-known golden visa options, focusing on destinations where investors can secure temporary or permanent residency through property, business, or financial commitments.
This article covers:
- What are the types of residency by investment programs?
- How to determine country of residence
- What are the easiest countries to get residency in?
- What are the most difficult countries to get residency in?
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The information in this article is for general guidance only. It does not constitute financial, legal, or tax advice, and is not a recommendation or solicitation to invest. Some facts may have changed since the time of writing.
What are the types of residency by investment
Residency by investment programs generally fall into two layers: by investment method and by residency category.
By investment method:
- Real Estate Investment – Purchasing property with a minimum value set by the country.
- Government Bonds or Securities – Buying state bonds or other approved instruments.
- Business or Job Creation – Starting a company or creating local jobs.
- Bank Deposit or Capital Transfer – Placing funds in a local bank.
- Donation or Development Fund Contribution – Non-refundable contributions to sovereign or development funds.
By residency category:
- Temporary Residency – Short-term (1–5 years), renewable permits based on ongoing investment.
- Permanent Residency (PR) – Long-term or indefinite residency, often available after holding temporary status for several years, or granted immediately in some countries like Portugal (under older Golden Visa rules) and Canada (through past investor schemes).
- Retirement Residency – Not always grouped under investment but overlaps in countries where a deposit or guaranteed pension qualifies as investment.
- Pathways to Citizenship – Some residency-by-investment countries also offer eventual citizenship, usually after 5–10 years of legal residency.
What qualifies as a country of residence?
A country of residence is where an individual lives for a significant period and is legally allowed to stay through a visa, residency permit, or investment program.
For high-net-worth expats, residency status often comes with benefits such as:
- Permission to live and work locally (depending on program rules)
- Access to healthcare and education
- Favorable tax regimes (in countries like Portugal, Malta, or UAE)
- Pathways to permanent residency or citizenship after several years
Residency by investment is distinct because it allows applicants to qualify based on financial contributions rather than employment or family ties.
What are the countries that offer residency by investment programs?
Outside golden visa destinations, several notable countries offer residency by investment:
- Canada – Business and investor residency programs, including the Start-up Visa, with paths to permanent residency.
- New Zealand – Investor 1 and Investor 2 visas, with capital requirements and residence obligations.
- Panama – Friendly Nations Visa or investment in property/bank deposits.
- Costa Rica – Investor Residency with a USD 150,000+ investment in business or property.
- Mexico – Temporary Resident Visa for investors meeting financial requirements.
- Ecuador – Investor visa via real estate or bank deposit.
- Colombia – Investor visa with flexible property investment thresholds.
- Thailand – Elite Visa (long-term residency for lump-sum payment) or retirement-linked options.
- Mauritius – Residency permit through real estate investment (~USD 375,000+) or business investment.
- South Africa – Financially Independent Permit with high minimum asset requirements.
- Paraguay – SUACE Permanent Residency Program; Offers a straightforward permanent residency route with only modest financial requirements (bank deposit or income proof).
- Uruguay – Grants residency through proof of income and local ties (such as property), again not tied to large real estate purchases like golden visas.
- Dominican Republic – Has an investment-based residency program through real estate or business setup, but it doesn’t fall under the golden visa category since it’s not structured as a fast-track for high-net-worth investors alone.
Which country is the easiest to get permanent residency with investment?
Some of the easiest residency by investment countries include:
- Panama – Through the Friendly Nations Visa or Pensionado route, residency can be secured with relatively low investment.
- Costa Rica – Investor visa options are flexible, with moderate capital thresholds.
- Mexico – Offers investor-based temporary residency that can transition into permanent residency in a few years.
- Mauritius – Straightforward property-linked residency program with clear rules.
What is the hardest country to get residency in?
Switzerland is often cited as one of the toughest, as residency permits are highly selective, require proof of significant wealth, and depend on cantonal approval.
Japan also has strict long-term residency pathways, usually requiring years of prior residence, tax contributions, and strong ties to the country.
In the Middle East, nations like Qatar and Saudi Arabia offer residency only under very limited circumstances, typically tied to employment or special government approval.
Some of the hardest countries to obtain residency in are those with strict financial thresholds, complex bureaucracy, or cultural integration requirements.
What is the cheapest country to become a resident?
The cheapest residency by investment options are typically found in Latin America and parts of Asia.
Costa Rica stands out with its Pensionado and Investor programs, where qualifying investments can start at around USD 150,000.
Panama is another affordable choice, allowing permanent residency through real estate investment as low as USD 300,000, with added tax and lifestyle benefits.
In Mexico, financial solvency residency is possible with investments of roughly USD 220,000.
These countries combine relatively low entry costs with flexible residency frameworks, making them among the most accessible options worldwide for retirees and investors alike.
How many countries can you be a resident of?
There’s no legal limit to how many countries you can hold residency in.
Many investors maintain residency in multiple countries for tax planning, lifestyle, and mobility. However, compliance with stay requirements is critical.
Conclusion
Residency by investment countries outside of golden visa hubs give expats, retirees, and investors a wider range of choices.
From the affordability of Panama and Costa Rica to the structured programs of Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, the right option depends on whether you prioritize cost, lifestyle, or long-term citizenship.
FAQs
How many EB-5 visas per year?
The EB-5 Immigrant Investor Program issues up to 10,000 visas annually, including visas for investors, their spouses, and dependent children.
What is the Donald Trump gold card?
The Donald Trump Gold Card refers to a proposed US residency program announced by President Trump in 2025.
For a payment of $5 million, this gold card would offer green card privileges, including a pathway to US citizenship without the job creation requirements typically associated with the EB-5 program.
Is investment income taxable income?
Yes. In most countries, investment income such as dividends, interest, and capital gains is considered taxable income, though tax rates and exemptions vary by jurisdiction.
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Adam is an internationally recognised author on financial matters with over 830million answer views on Quora, a widely sold book on Amazon, and a contributor on Forbes.
